Starting with C

Started with C

History of C:

            C programming language was developed by Dennis Ritchie in 1972 at AT & T Bell Lab.

·         In earlier named B that developed by Ken Thompson in 1960-1970.It provided the basic of development of C.

·         C was designed to write system programs under UNIX operating system but it is popular in industry for a wide range of applications.

·         The version of C was known as K&R (Kernighan and Ritchie) C.

·        The ANSI (American national standard institute) develop standard version of the language known as ANSI C.

Turbo C++:   

            Turbo C++ is a Borland International’s implementation of a compiler for C language.

It is complete IDE (Integrated Development Environment) to create ,edit and save program.

Shortcuts:

            Alt+F-------open file menu

            f2-------save a program

            f1--------help

            f3--------open a file

            f9-------make

            f10-------menu

            Alt+f9---------compile a program

            Alt+f5--------see program output

            Ctrl+f9---------execute a program

            Alt+x--------to exit compiler

Create a program:

            To write a C program, open the window of the Turbo C++ IDE. This can be done by selecting File/New option from the menu bar. A window appears:

Cursor inside the window represents the starting point to write a program.

Save a C program:

            After writing a program, we should save it for later use. This can be done by selecting File/Save command from the menu bar and also done by its shortcut (f2).The caption appear:

Type the name of file in it and press Enter. By default the file is stored in BIN folder.

By default name is NONAME00.cpp.

Compile a C Program:

            C compiler translates the source program into object program with .obj extension. To invoke compiler select compile/compile from menu bar or by its shortcut.

If there is no error in the source program, the program will be translated to object program successfully otherwise, report an error in the program.

Source code:

                        The program written in any high level programming language is called source code.

            Object code:

                        The compiler produces an object program from the source program that is written in machine code (0, 1).

Linking:

            “Linking is the process in which the object file produce by the compiler is linked to many other library files by the linker.”

            Linker:

                        “The linker combines different library files to the object file and produce an executable file with .exe extension.”

Execution of program:

            After compiling and linking the program, we are now ready to execute it. For execution the program must be loaded into memory (RAM). This is done by the loader.

In Turbo C++ this is done by selecting Run/Run from the menu bar and its shortcut (ctrl+f9).

            Loader:

                        Loader is a program that places executable file in memory.